1. School Subjects and Timetable
📌 Önemli Kural: Ders adları İngilizcede özel isim sayılır ve her zaman büyük harfle başlar.
Örnek: I have Maths and English on Monday. (Pazartesi günü Matematik ve İngilizce dersim var.)
📋 Ders Adları (School Subjects)
| İngilizce | Türkçe |
|---|
| Maths (Mathematics) | Matematik |
| Physics | Fizik |
| Chemistry | Kimya |
| Biology | Biyoloji |
| History | Tarih |
| Geography | Coğrafya |
| Literature | Edebiyat |
| Turkish Language | Türk Dili |
| English | İngilizce |
| Philosophy | Felsefe |
| Religious Culture | Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi |
| Physical Education (P.E.) | Beden Eğitimi |
| Music | Müzik |
| Art | Görsel Sanatlar |
| Computer Science (IT) | Bilişim Teknolojileri |
| Health Knowledge | Sağlık Bilgisi |
🏫 Okuldaki Yerler (Places at School)
| İngilizce | Türkçe |
|---|
| classroom | sınıf |
| corridor | koridor |
| library | kütüphane |
| laboratory (lab) | laboratuvar |
| canteen | kantin |
| gym | spor salonu |
| schoolyard | okul bahçesi |
| teachers' room | öğretmenler odası |
| computer lab | bilgisayar laboratuvarı |
| music room | müzik odası |
| headmaster's office | müdür odası |
| school bus | okul servisi |
🗓️ Haftalık Ders Programı (Weekly Timetable)
| Time | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday |
|---|
| 08.30 – 09.10 | Maths | English | Physics | History | Biology |
| 09.20 – 10.00 | Maths | English | Chemistry | Geography | Biology |
| 10.10 – 10.50 | Turkish Language | Philosophy | Maths | English | Music |
| 11.00 – 11.40 | Literature | Religious Culture | Maths | English | Art |
| 11.40 – 12.30 | 🍽️ Lunch Break (Öğle Arası) |
| 12.30 – 13.10 | Physics | Geography | P.E. | Computer Science | Health Knowledge |
| 13.20 – 14.00 | Chemistry | History | P.E. | Turkish Language | Guidance |
💡 Program Anlatırken Kullanılan Edatlar:
- on + gün → on Monday, on Friday
- at + saat → at 8.30, at nine o'clock
- in + günün bölümü → in the morning, in the afternoon
- Ancak: at night (gece) — "in" değil "at" kullanılır.
📝 Örnek Soru-Cevap:
- What is your favourite subject? – My favourite subject is Biology.
- How many lessons do you have on Monday? – I have six lessons.
- When do you have English? – I have English on Tuesday and Thursday.
- Why do you like History? – Because it is interesting.
- Where is the science lab? – It is on the second floor.
💬 Sık Kullanılan Kalıplar:
- I am good at Maths. (Matematikte iyiyim.)
- I am not good at Chemistry. (Kimyada iyi değilim.)
- I am interested in History. (Tarihe ilgi duyuyorum.)
- My favourite subject is English. (En sevdiğim ders İngilizce.)
- I find Physics difficult. (Fiziği zor buluyorum.)
2. Daily Routines and Present Simple Tense
🔹 Present Simple Tense (Geniş Zaman)
Ne zaman kullanılır? Her gün tekrarlanan alışkanlıklar, günlük rutinler, ders programları ve değişmeyen genel doğrular için kullanılır.
Türkçe karşılığı: “-ır / -ir / -er” (kalkarım, giderim, çalışırım).
✅ Olumlu Cümle (Positive)
- I get up at seven o'clock.
- You walk to school every day.
- He starts school at 8.30.
- She studies in the library.
- We have six lessons on Monday.
- They play football after school.
❌ Olumsuz Cümle (Negative)
- I do not (don't) like Chemistry.
- We don't have Music on Friday.
- He does not (doesn't) go to school by bus.
- She doesn't study at night.
❓ Soru Cümlesi (Question)
- Do you have Maths on Monday?
- Does he play basketball?
- What time do you get up?
- When does the first lesson start?
⚠️ Çok Yapılan Hata: Olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde does kullanıldıysa fiile -s gelmez.
- ❌ She doesn't studies English. → ✅ She doesn't study English.
- ❌ Does he goes to school? → ✅ Does he go to school?
🔹 3. Tekil Şahısta (He / She / It) Fiil Kuralı
Özne he, she, it ise fiilin sonuna -s / -es / -ies eklenir.
| Kural | Fiil | He / She / It ile |
|---|
| Normal fiiller → -s | work, play, start | works, plays, starts |
| -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o ile bitenler → -es | go, watch, finish, teach | goes, watches, finishes, teaches |
| Sessiz harf + y → y düşer, -ies | study, carry, try | studies, carries, tries |
| Sesli harf + y → sadece -s | play, stay, enjoy | plays, stays, enjoys |
| Düzensiz | have | has |
📌 ÖZET: I / You / We / They + V1 | He / She / It + V1 + s
🕐 Saatler (Telling the Time)
İki temel kural:
- Dakika 1–30 arasındaysa → past (geçiyor)
- Dakika 31–59 arasındaysa → to (var) ve bir sonraki saat söylenir
| Saat | İngilizce Okunuşu | Türkçe |
|---|
| 7.00 | seven o'clock | saat yedi |
| 7.10 | ten past seven | yediyi on geçiyor |
| 7.15 | a quarter past seven | yediyi çeyrek geçiyor |
| 7.30 | half past seven | yedi buçuk |
| 7.45 | a quarter to eight | sekize çeyrek var |
| 7.50 | ten to eight | sekize on var |
| 12.00 | midday / midnight | öğlen / gece yarısı |
🔁 Sıklık Zarfları (Adverbs of Frequency)
| Zarf | Sıklık | Türkçe |
|---|
| always | %100 | her zaman |
| usually | %80 | genellikle |
| often | %60 | sık sık |
| sometimes | %40 | bazen |
| rarely / seldom | %10 | nadiren |
| never | %0 | asla / hiç |
📌 Cümledeki Yeri:
- Normal fiillerden önce: I always get up at seven.
- "to be" fiilinden sonra: She is always late.
- sometimes ve usually cümlenin başında da kullanılabilir: Sometimes I walk to school.
- never zaten olumsuz anlam taşır, cümle olumlu kurulur: He never eats breakfast.
📖 Okuma Parçası – My School Day
My name is Zeynep and I am a ninth grade student. I usually get up at half past six. I always have breakfast with my family. I leave home at ten past seven and I go to school by bus. Our first lesson starts at half past eight.
I have six or seven lessons every day. My favourite subject is Biology because our teacher is very helpful. I am not good at Chemistry, so I study it in the library at lunchtime. We have a lunch break at twenty to twelve. I sometimes eat at the canteen with my friends.
School finishes at two o'clock. After school I often play volleyball in the gym. I get home at about four o'clock, do my homework and help my mother. I rarely watch television on weekdays. I go to bed at eleven o'clock.
3. School Rules, Classroom Language and Test
🔹 must / mustn't / have to / don't have to
Okul kurallarını, zorunlulukları ve yasakları anlatmak için kullanılır. Bu kalıplardan sonra fiil her zaman yalın hâlde gelir.
✅ must (zorunluluk)
- You must wear a uniform.
- We must be quiet in the library.
- Students must do their homework.
❌ mustn't (yasak)
- You mustn't run in the corridor.
- You mustn't use your phone in class.
- We mustn't eat in the laboratory.
✅ have to / has to
- I have to get up early.
- She has to take the school bus.
- Dışarıdan gelen bir kural veya şartı anlatır.
🚫 don't have to (gereksiz)
- We don't have to go to school on Sunday.
- He doesn't have to wear a tie.
- Yasak değildir, sadece zorunlu değildir.
⚠️ Karıştırmayın:
- You mustn't come. → Gelmen yasak.
- You don't have to come. → Gelmen gerekmiyor (istersen gelebilirsin).
📌 ÖZET: must / mustn't / have to / has to + V1 (fiilin yalın hâli)
💬 Sınıf İçi Dil (Classroom Language)
Öğretmenin Kullandığı Kalıplar:
- Open your books to page 24. (Kitaplarınızı 24. sayfadan açın.)
- Listen carefully. (Dikkatlice dinleyin.)
- Work in pairs / in groups. (İkişerli / gruplar hâlinde çalışın.)
- Hand in your homework. (Ödevinizi teslim edin.)
- Any questions? (Sorusu olan var mı?)
Öğrencinin Kullandığı Kalıplar:
- May I come in? (İçeri girebilir miyim?)
- Excuse me, I don't understand. (Affedersiniz, anlamadım.)
- Could you repeat that, please? (Tekrar eder misiniz lütfen?)
- How do you spell it? (Nasıl yazılıyor?)
- What does "corridor" mean? ("Corridor" ne demek?)
- May I go out, please? (Dışarı çıkabilir miyim lütfen?)
📖 Örnek Diyalog
Elif: Hi Burak! What lessons do you have today?
Burak: I have Maths, English and two Physics lessons. What about you?
Elif: I have Biology first. It's my favourite subject. When does your first lesson start?
Burak: At half past eight. I always get up at six o'clock because I have to take the school bus.
Elif: Really? I usually walk to school. It takes fifteen minutes.
Burak: Lucky you! By the way, we mustn't use our phones in class today. There is an exam.
Elif: Thanks for telling me. Do we have to bring a dictionary?
Burak: No, we don't have to. The teacher gives us one.
📝 Test ve Etkinlik
Soruları cevaplayarak konuyu pekiştirin.
Soru 1
Which sentence is correct?
- A) She study Biology every evening.
- B) He goes to school by bus.
- C) They plays football after school.
- D) I gets up at seven o'clock.
Cevap: B) He goes to school by bus. (He / She / It ile fiile -es eklenir.)
Soru 2
How do we say 7.45 in English?
- A) a quarter past seven
- B) half past seven
- C) a quarter to eight
- D) forty-five to seven
Cevap: C) a quarter to eight (Dakika 30'u geçtiği için "to" kullanılır ve bir sonraki saat söylenir.)
Soru 3
Choose the correct one: You ____ run in the corridor. It is dangerous.
- A) must
- B) mustn't
- C) don't have to
- D) can
Cevap: B) mustn't (Yasak bildirir.)
Soru 4
Which sentence is incorrect?
- A) Does he study English?
- B) She doesn't watch TV on weekdays.
- C) Do you have Maths on Monday?
- D) Does she goes to the library?
Cevap: D) Does she goes to the library? (Doğrusu: Does she go to the library?)
Soru 5
Put the adverb in the correct place: I / late / am / never
- A) I never am late.
- B) I am never late.
- C) Never I am late.
- D) I am late never.
Cevap: B) I am never late. (Sıklık zarfı "to be" fiilinden sonra gelir.)
Soru 6
We ____ wear a uniform at the weekend. School is closed.
- A) must
- B) have to
- C) don't have to
- D) mustn't
Cevap: C) don't have to (Yasak değil, gereksiz olduğu anlatılıyor.)
🔗 Eşleştirme Etkinliği
Okuldaki yerleri doğru açıklamalarıyla eşleştiriniz.
Yerler
1. library
2. canteen
3. gym
4. laboratory
5. schoolyard
Açıklamalar
A. We do experiments here.
B. We play games outside here.
C. We read and borrow books here.
D. We do sports here.
E. We buy food and drinks here.
Cevaplar: 1-C, 2-E, 3-D, 4-A, 5-B
✏️ Boşluk Doldurma Etkinliği
Aşağıdaki cümleleri parantez içindeki fiilin doğru hâliyle tamamlayınız.
- My brother ____ (study) Physics every evening.
- We ____ (not / have) Music on Thursday.
- ____ your teacher ____ (give) a lot of homework?
- Ayşe always ____ (finish) her homework before dinner.
- They ____ (go) to the library at lunchtime.
Cevaplar: studies • don't have • Does ... give • finishes • go
📌 Yazma Etkinliği
"My School Day" başlıklı 80–100 kelimelik bir paragraf yazınız. Paragrafınızda aşağıdakilerin hepsini kullanınız:
- Kalkma ve okula gitme saatiniz (Telling the time)
- En az 4 ders adı (School subjects)
- En az 3 sıklık zarfı (always, usually, sometimes, never)
- En sevdiğiniz ders ve nedeni (because ile)
- Okulunuzdaki 2 kural (must / mustn't ile)
Yönerge: Paragrafınızı yazdıktan sonra bir arkadaşınızla değiştirip birbirinizin fiil çekimlerini kontrol edin.
